What they say and what they do: populist distraction and dual-use political technologies in the European union
本文对比匈牙利和波兰民粹领导人的言论与行动，发现卡钦斯基言行一致而欧尔班用言论干扰对手，并分析宪法和欧盟制度如何影响其行为空间与成败。
Analysts of populism have tended to focus on what leaders say more than on what they do. In this paper, the relationship between what populists say and what they do is examined against a constitutional and legal backdrop that elaborates the opportunity structures within which populist leaders govern and against the backdrop of an EU struggling with dissent. Contrasting the pro-Christian rhetoric of Hungary’s Viktor Orbán and Poland’s Jarosław Kaczyński with the actions taken by their governments, we can see that Kaczyński was much more likely to act on the basis of his rhetoric while Orbán was more likely to use his rhetoric to distract and wrongfoot his political opposition. The opportunities each had to act, however, depended on the broader constitutional and electoral systems that controlled if and when they were constrained and their success depended not only on popular support for their actions but also on the EU’s responses to the forms that populism took in each country.