Electronic Payment Technology and Tax Compliance: Evidence from Uruguay’s Financial Inclusion Reform
利用乌拉圭行政数据和政策变化，研究电子支付技术采用对税收合规的影响，发现消费者增值税退税刺激了刷卡交易，但企业税收合规未受影响。
Does the digitization of transactions in an economy increase tax compliance? We study the effect of financial incentives on the adoption of electronic payment technology and on tax compliance by firms. Exploiting administrative data and policy variation from Uruguay, we show that (i) consumer VAT rebates for credit and debit transactions trigger an immediate 50 percent increase in the number of card transactions, (ii) firms’ use of card machines increases only on the intensive margin, and (iii) tax compliance is unaffected. Endogenous card machine adoption and a low share of card sales in total reported sales can rationalize the findings.