Who are satisfied with life in cities? Evidence for 25 European countries
利用2010-2019年欧洲晴雨表调查数据，研究了不同社会人口群体（如年轻人、单身者、高学历者、失业者）在城市与非城市地区的生活满意度差异，并发现性别偏好取决于国家收入水平，北欧福利国家呈现独特模式。
A large literature has studied the urban gradient in subjective well-being, but few studies have examined for whom urban areas are good places to live. Using Eurobarometer survey data 2010–2019, we find that, compared to other sociodemographic groups, young, single and well-educated persons report relatively higher life satisfaction in cities than in non-city areas, whereas the opposite is the case for the unemployed. Sex differences in preferences for city living depend on country income: women gain relative to the other sex from living in a city in EU countries with high GDP per capita and vice versa for men. The Nordic welfare states exhibit a distinct pattern as average life satisfaction is higher in cities than in non-city areas, and the effects of unemployment, education and age are smaller than in the rest of the EU.