From me to we: Beating procrastination in teams
通过实验发现，团队激励（尤其是合作激励）能显著提高工人生产力并减少拖延，其机制是增强内在动机和减少工作延迟倾向。
Can team incentives increase workers’ productivity and decrease procrastination in intertemporal tasks? We recruited 597 online workers to engage in tedious tasks over three days. They were randomly assigned to either individualistic (Solo) incentives or to one of two team-based incentives (Cooperative and Competitive). Contrary to theoretical predictions, workers under Cooperative incentives surpassed the performance of those working under either Solo or Competitive incentives. Productivity on Day 1, which in theory should inversely relate to procrastination, was also significantly higher in both team treatments. Our structural analysis confirms that teams increase productivity by enhancing intrinsic motivation and by reducing the tendency to delay work. Finally, teams increase productivity further under Competitive incentives, when workers can observe and react to the efforts of their team members.