Mixed oligopoly and raising rivals' costs
研究发现，存在追求社会福利最大化的公共企业时，任何企业都没有动机提高国内私人竞争对手的成本，但仍会试图提高公共企业和外国私人对手的成本。
Abstract We show that the presence of a welfare maximizing public firm in an oligopoly guarantees that no firm has an incentive to raise the costs of domestic private rivals. This represents another example of regulation by participation. There remains an incentive to raise the costs of the public firm and of foreign private rivals. We also explore which firms are most likely to have their costs raised and which firms are most likely to raise rivals' costs.