Day-ahead and Reserve Prices in a Renewable-based Power System: Adapting Electricity-market Design for Energy Storage
研究了高比例可再生能源和储能下备用容量市场的价格演变，发现电池作为主要备用供应商时，其灵活性大多无机会成本，市场无法为灵活技术提供额外报酬，无法解决能源转型中的资金缺失问题。
Decarbonizing the power mix will require investments in storage and flexibility options to replace the current carbon-intensive supply of reserves. This paper questions whether reserve-capacity markets can serve as a capacity mechanism for flexible technologies. A fundamental model of the day-ahead and reserve markets is used to investigate the evolution of reserve prices with large shares of renewable energy and storage. The model represents the current market design in Continental Europe with a centralized supply and platforms for the exchange of reserves. By becoming the main suppliers of reserve capacity, batteries have a noticeable impact on reserve prices. Their flexibility implies zero opportunity cost most of the time, meaning that the flexibility is not rewarded by the market. These results suggest that reserve-capacity markets cannot provide additional remuneration for flexible technologies and, thus, do not solve the missing-money problem in the context of the energy transition.