2D versus 3D aviation weather visualisations
通过24名商业飞行员实验发现，二维平面地图比三维天气可视化更能提升飞行员的情境意识，而增加垂直剖面虽有助于记忆天气特征并减少低头时间，但并未进一步改善情境意识。
Even though aviation takes place in three spatial dimensions, pilots today still mostly acquire weather information through static 2D weather maps, just as 50 years ago. In this article, we study whether interactive 3D weather visualisations increase weather-related situation awareness (SA) of pilots compared to conventional 2D weather maps. The results of a user study with commercial pilots (n = 24) are presented, in which the influence of perspective and vertical profile on SA, usability and recall were investigated. Our findings reveal that a 2D planar map view results in the highest SA compared to 3D weather visualisations, and, contrary to pilot preferences, an additional vertical profile does not further improve SA. The addition of a vertical profile supports weather feature recall, and reduces head-down times.