Putting Countries on the Map? Pastoral Visits of John Paul II and International Trade
研究发现教皇约翰·保罗二世对天主教人口比例较高的贸易伙伴进行牧灵访问后，出口显著增加，尤其对欠发达、天主教人口较少且贸易联系较弱的国家影响更大。
Abstract During his pontificate from 1979 until 2005, Pope John Paul II visited 130 countries, more than the 263 popes before him combined. I document a significant increase in exports to trading partners with a relatively high share of Catholics following a pastoral visit, leading to a non-negligible increase in aggregate exports. The biggest beneficiaries in terms of increased trade are visited countries that are at lower stages of economic development and have relatively fewer Catholics and relatively weaker trade links. The effect is absent for other prominent episodes, such as visits by celebrated secular leaders or global sports events.