The effect of an anonymous grading reform for male and female university students
利用斯德哥尔摩大学全校范围的匿名评分改革，发现匿名评分使女生成绩相对男生提高约0.035个标准差，表明评分中存在性别偏见，且效应在小班和男性主导院系更显著。
• The introduction of anonymously graded exams increased female students’ grades by 0.035 standard deviations relative to males at Stockholm University, indicating gender bias in grading. • The effect is driven by small classes and male-dominated departments, consistent with in-group bias and personal interaction theories. • A total of 1.83 million observations gives us enough power to detect the effect. • We use a difference-in-difference-in-difference (DDD) model, ensuring the results are causally identified and robust to multiple validity checks. This paper leverages a university-wide anonymous grading reform and presents evidence that female university students benefit from anonymous grading. Female grades improve by around 0.035 standard deviations relative to males. The effect is driven by smaller classes and male-dominated departments.