Does It Matter Who You Ask For Time Use Data?
利用印度全国代表性时间使用调查，研究自我报告与代理报告对男女各项活动时间报告的影响，发现代理报告高估就业时间、低估无偿劳动，且差异与信息不对称和性别认知有关。
Abstract Time-use statistics are recall intensive and sensitive to measurement error. This study uses a nationally representative time-use survey from India to investigate how self and proxy reporting impacts the reported time spent on various activities by men and women. Proxy informants tend to report higher time use for both men and women on employment activities (14 to 26 percent) and lower time use on production for self-consumption, unpaid domestic work, and care work (5 to 33 percent) as compared to self-reports. On average, women proxies differ more from self-reports when reporting about both men and women in their households as compared to men proxies. Investigating the mechanisms we find that the self–proxy differences are systematic and not attributable solely to random measurement error. Information asymmetry between the self and proxy respondents plays a key role—spouses and self–proxy respondents with similar characteristics have smaller reporting differences than non-spouses and other respondents. Gendered perception of what activities are classified as work influences the differences in reporting, which highlights asymmetric measurement error.