Balancing, Shielding, Filtering: Three Models of Role Morality
本文提出并论证了角色道德的第三种模型——过滤模型，认为角色会选择性过滤行动者的道德理由，从而产生义务或允许，并用核安全监管者、刑事辩护律师和企业说客三个案例说明该模型优于平衡模型和屏蔽模型。
How does a role—whether in business, law, government, or some other institution—change what is morally permissible or obligatory? Here I present three options and argue for the third. On the balancing model , a role simply gives its occupant additional normative reasons, to be weighed against all other normative reasons. On the shielding model , a role comes with its own moral code, blocking the force of all role-external reasons. On the filtering model , a role selectively filters its occupant’s reasons for action, creating obligations or permissions to act on a narrowed range of considerations. I argue that the filtering model offers a superior analysis of the ethics of roles, including the concepts of professional integrity and discretion. I focus on three difficult cases: a nuclear safety regulator, a criminal defense lawyer, and a corporate lobbyist. I conclude by discussing the implications of the filtering model for business ethics.