Too Much of a Good Thing? Telework Intensity and Workplace Experiences
基于五波纵向数据，研究发现远程工作强度与工作满意度、工作生活平衡等呈倒U型关系，最优水平约为50%远程工作，为混合工作制提供了因果证据。
ABSTRACT At a time when numerous organisations are urging a return to the office while many employees prefer to continue teleworking, it is crucial to ascertain the optimal level of telework intensity. In the present study, we determine this ideal level with respect to self‐rated employee attitudes, behaviour, well‐being, social relations and professional growth. Drawing on a five‐wave longitudinal dataset, we apply fixed effects regression analyses to investigate associations between telework intensity and various dimensions of workplace experience. We offer more robust empirical evidence for favouring hybrid work schedules over office‐only or telework‐only regimes, owing to significant advances in causal inference for linear and non‐linear associations compared to the majority of existing studies that examine linear associations based on cross‐sectional data. Our results point toward modest inverted U‐shaped associations between telework intensity and self‐rated job satisfaction, work–life balance, relationships with colleagues and professional development, with optimal levels peaking around 50% teleworking. For task efficiency and work concentration, the association appears to be concave with a plateau, stabilising at teleworking levels above 70%. Only between telework intensity and employer connectedness do we observe a slightly negative linear association. Age emerges as the most prominent moderator, with within‐person increases in telework intensity being evaluated slightly more positively with increasing age across several workplace outcomes.