Effects of reinforcement sensitivity, impulsivity, and working memory on shoot/don’t shoot performance in law enforcement officers and civilians under normal and high cognitive load
研究比较了执法人员和普通公民在正常与高认知负荷下射击/不射击任务的表现，发现执法人员更准确且较少漏射，高负荷下参与者反应更快但误射增多，且误射者具有更高的行为激活与抑制系统敏感性。
We compared shoot/don't shoot task (SDST) performance in law enforcement officers (LEOs) and non-officers under normal cognitive load, and under higher load induced by processing a complex dispatch message. We also examined the effects of participants' behavioural activation (BAS) and inhibition (BIS) systems, impulsivity, and working memory on SDST performance. Stimuli were videos of shoot and don't shoot variations performed by three actors. Dependent measures were shoot errors, fail-to-shoot errors, response time, and shooting accuracy. Compared to non-officers, LEOs were more accurate and adapted to make fewer fail-to-shoot errors. They were not faster, and did not make fewer shoot errors. Compared to normal cognitive load, under higher load, participants were quicker and more accurate, but made more shoot errors. The higher cognitive load condition revealed effects that were not present under normal load. Participants making more shoot errors had higher BAS, and BIS than those making fewer or no errors.