Formal institutions and the employment growth ambitions of early-stage versus established entrepreneurs
研究正式制度如何影响早期和成熟创业企业的就业增长雄心，发现有效制度促进成熟企业增长，而无效制度阻碍早期企业增长，对政策制定者支持早期创业有启示。
Purpose We examine how formal institutions influence the employment growth ambitions of entrepreneurial firms with an explicit focus on how their influence varies for early-stage versus established entrepreneurial firms. Design/methodology/approach We develop four moderation hypotheses based on a review of research on entrepreneurial growth ambitions and formal institutions. Then, we use comprehensive institutional and entrepreneurship performance data from three large international data sources to examine the hypothesized relations. Findings Our findings suggest that effective formal institutions promote employment growth for established entrepreneurs in particular. Moreover, we found that ineffective formal institutions hinder employee growth for early-stage firms in particular. Originality/value We offer several original implications for policymakers and ecosystem builders seeking to support and encourage the early-stage entrepreneurship that accounts for the majority of new job growth in socioeconomic systems.