Breaking ceilings: Debate training promotes leadership emergence by increasing assertiveness.
两项实验表明，随机接受辩论训练的人比未接受者更自信，并在后续小组活动中更可能成为领导者，且效果在不同性别、种族和国籍群体中一致。
= 975), Experiment 2 found that individuals who were randomly assigned to receive debate training (vs. nondebate training or no training) acted more assertively and had higher leadership emergence in a subsequent group activity. Results were consistent across self-rated, group-member-rated, and coder-rated assertiveness. Moderation analyses suggest that the effects of debate training were not significantly different for (a) U.S.- and foreign-born individuals, (b) men and women, or (c) different ethnic groups. Overall, our experiments suggest that debate training can help individuals attain leadership roles by developing their assertiveness. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).