Sexual orientation and financial well-being in the United States
利用2019-2022年美国家庭经济与决策调查数据，发现性少数群体（同性恋、双性恋）在财务管理上比异性恋者更困难，且这种差距在疫情前就已存在，涉及退休储蓄、应急资金、债务等方面，社会脆弱性（如歧视和暴力）可能是原因。
We study the relationship between financial well-being and sexual orientation using the Survey of Household Economics and Decisionmaking (SHED) data for 2019–2022. We document that sexual minorities (people who are lesbian, gay, and bisexual, or LGB) have significantly more difficulty managing financially than similarly situated heterosexual individuals—and this pre-dated the COVID-19 pandemic. Differences are found across a broad array of current and future financial well-being outcomes, including retirement savings, rainy-day funds, credit card and schooling debts, and the use of alternative financial services such as payday loans. Differences in partnership, financial assistance from parents, financial knowledge, and risk preferences cannot explain these differences. Instead, we document that some social vulnerabilities, such as exposure to discriminatory behavior and violence, are differentially experienced by LGB people, which may play a role. Our results demonstrate that despite considerable improvements in attitudes and policies over time, sexual minorities in the United States experience significantly more financial insecurity than previously understood.