Intersectional Inequality in Education in Africa, Asia, and the Americas
提出两种基于水平不平等概念的交叉不平等度量方法，利用40个国家数据分析性别与种族在教育中的交叉效应，发现最弱势群体往往在单独分析性别或种族不平等时被掩盖，且交叉不平等通常大于两者之和。
ABSTRACT Intersectional inequality—the notion that disparities run along combinations of social groups such as gender or ethnicity—has become an increasingly prominent concept in social sciences. However, there is little empirical research using an intersectional framework to measure inequality. We propose two metrics of intersectional inequality based on the concept of horizontal inequality. Applying these measures, we analyze educational intersectionality in gender and ethnicity using data from 40 countries. We show that the intersectional perspective reveals particularly disadvantaged groups that remain masked if gender and ethnic inequality are analyzed separately. In several countries, the most disadvantaged intersectional group is of a different gender or ethnicity than the generally more disadvantaged gender or ethnicity. Moreover, in most countries intersectional inequality is greater than the sum of gender and ethnic inequality. In these countries, neither increasing education levels nor reducing gender and ethnic inequalities is sufficient to “leave no one behind.”