Subnational Lobbying on National Policymaking: Evidence From Germany
研究了德国利益集团在多层治理体系中如何通过次国家级渠道（游说地方政府）影响国家政策制定，发现次国家级游说并非边缘策略，而是与地方政府目标一致时更可能被采用。
ABSTRACT While research on subnational lobbying has advanced considerably in recent years, much less is known about the role of lower levels in the context of multilevel lobbying. In a multilevel system, interest groups can pursue different routes for influence‐seeking. These include a domestic subnational route to seek amendments on a bill by lobbying regional governments, and a subnational‐Brussels route , based on regions' influence on EU policymaking. Investigating the case of Germany, we analyze observational and survey data on interest groups and their route choices in the context of 23 legislative proposals that were drafted in the year 2019. Our findings highlight the importance of subnational lobbying for national policymaking. It is neither an exclusive strategy of outsiders on the national level, nor one pursued exclusively by local and regional actors. Furthermore, subnational lobbying is more likely when interest groups and subnational governments share common goals.