Private Military and Security Companies and the European Union as an Enmeshed Security and Defence Actor
本文论证欧盟大量使用私营军事安保公司（PMSCs）使其成为跨越公私领域、融合成员国与欧盟层面资源规则的交织型安全与防务行为体，基于对欧盟PMSC承包规则的分析及2014-2023年564家相关公司的数据集。
Abstract This article argues that extensive use of private military and security companies (PMSCs) makes the European Union (EU) an enmeshed security and defence actor. This is an actor spanning the public and the private domains as well as the resources, rules and practices of the EU member states and of EU‐level institutions. Enmeshment, in Leander's (2014) terms, leads to recombination and blending of rules, resources and practices from multiple domains. Our findings based on (a) an analysis of the EU's rules for contracting PMSCs and (b) a new data set of 564 PMSCs linked with the EU in the period 2014–2023 suggest that the EU and its member states systematically tap into resources of the private military and security industry in conducting their security and defence policies. The resulting enmeshment processes call for a reconceptualization of the EU as a security and defence actor.