Toward a new perspective on forms and sites of democratic life
本文重新审视匿名、不参与和旁观等传统上被忽视或视为问题的民主现象，指出某些旁观形式可能有益于民主，并探讨如何系统观察和研究这些“积极旁观”的现实表现。
Abstract Theoretical research is challenging traditional understandings of the role of citizens in democracies. Phenomena such as anonymity, non‐participation, and spectatorship, previously overlooked or deemed problematic, are now being reconsidered. Acknowledging that these phenomena can, in some cases, enhance democracy is important. However, there is still little guidance on how they might be studied empirically. This paper shows that there are specific forms of spectatorship that might benefit democracy in different ways. It explores real‐life manifestations of “positive spectatorship” and suggests how they can be systematically observed and studied.