Impact of anger-inducing situations on driver takeover behavior in highly automated vehicles
通过驾驶模拟实验，研究了引发愤怒的情境因素如何影响L4/L5级自动驾驶中驾驶员的接管行为和情绪反应，发现目标冲突情境显著增加接管频率和负面情绪，为设计减少不必要接管的自动驾驶系统提供依据。
Motor vehicle accidents, often caused by human error, remain a significant concern. While automated vehicles have the potential to reduce these accidents by handling driving tasks, unnecessary human takeovers, especially when the automated system is operational, can reintroduce error. This study investigates how situational factors known to trigger anger influence takeover behavior and emotional responses in levels 4 and 5 automated vehicles. Using a driving simulator, 60 participants were randomly assigned to either a goal-aligned condition (clear weather, on-time departure, no traffic) or a goal-conflicting condition (dense fog, delayed departure, slow vehicles). Participants could freely choose between manual and automated driving modes. Results showed a significant increase in takeover frequency, higher negative affect and anger in the goal-conflicting condition compared to the goal-aligned condition. Qualitative data gathered from open-ended questions revealed increased stress and frustration leading to more frequent manual takeovers in goal-conflicting conditions, while participants felt calmer with fewer takeovers in goal-aligned conditions. No link was found between takeover behavior and trust in driving automation. These findings highlight the importance of designing Automated Driving Systems (ADS) that minimize stressors and consider drivers' emotional states to enhance safety and comfort. In this regard, incorporating real-time emotional monitoring and employing cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) strategies (e.g., situation reappraisal) may help mitigate driver emotional states and prevent unnecessary takeovers.