Autonomy aweigh: Evaluation metrics and supporting seafarers’ basic psychological needs in energy-efficient route planning DSS
研究了能效航线规划决策支持系统如何支持海员的自主性需求，发现传统人机交互指标不足以评估系统，需结合基本心理需求指标，并提出了设计指南。
To achieve necessary CO 2 e emission reductions in the maritime industry, decision support systems (DSS) can assist seafarers in energy-efficient operations. However, adequate evaluation measures beyond classical human–machine interaction (HCI) metrics are required to ensure these systems are human-centered and align with Industry 5.0 goals, including human–machine cooperation and basic psychological needs, especially autonomy. Objectives of this research were (1) to understand how different metrics evaluate route-planning DSS and a route adaptation feature, and (2) to explore autonomy support in DSS usage. Simulator ( N = 48) and online ( N = 20) studies with experienced seafarers showed HCI metrics alone did not quantify the adaptation feature’s potential. Thematic analysis of interviews highlighted algorithm comprehensiveness, usability, user empowerment, and collaborative workflows as key autonomy aspects. Furthermore, seafarers preferred automated information acquisition and analysis but human decision-making for route planning. We discuss design guidelines to improve autonomy satisfaction for energy-efficient route planning. • Basic psychological need metrics can enhance human-centered DSS for industry 5.0. • Seafarers’ autonomy satisfaction may motivate energy-efficient route-planing. • Thematic analysis of seafarers’ autonomy experiences suggested key design guidelines. • Route adaptation features enhance autonomy and trust. • HCI metrics alone are insufficient for DSS evaluation.