Community responses to flooding in risk mitigation actions: Evidence from the community rating system
研究美国社区在经历洪水后是否更积极参与风险缓解行动，利用社区评级系统数据发现洪水后参与率和行动强度显著提升，效果持续长达10年，但城市社区响应更强，引发对灾害驱动响应低效和不平等的担忧。
Abstract This paper studies the impact of disaster experiences on communities' engagement in risk mitigation actions, focusing on flooding in the United States. We measure risk mitigation actions using communities' scores in the Community Rating System, an incentive program that scores flood preparedness and mitigation activities and rewards communities with flood insurance premium discounts. Leveraging a panel of communities from 1998 to 2019, we find a significant increase in risk mitigation activities following flood events, in both participation rates and intensity of actions. The effects continue to increase up to 10 years. Communities with greater capacity, particularly those in urban areas, exhibit a much stronger response. The findings highlight the adaptive capacity of communities but also raise several concerns regarding the inefficiency of disaster‐driven responses and inequitable outcomes across communities.