Irregular and Infectious? COVID‐19, Ebola and the Securitization of Migration to Southern Europe
分析了2013-2020年意大利、西班牙和马耳他报纸，发现将非正规移民视为健康风险的话语比联系恐怖主义更突出，且疫情后移民与传染病的关联压过了与犯罪的关联。
Abstract Securitization scholarship concentrates on the discursive association between undocumented migration, terrorism and crime. Our textual and visual analysis of Italian, Spanish and Maltese newspapers between 2013 and 2020 demonstrates that the discourses securitizing irregular mobility as a health risk became more salient than those linking migration to terrorism already since the 2014 Ebola epidemic. After the COVID‐19 outbreak, associations between migration and infectious diseases also dwarfed discourses linking migration to crime. The pervasiveness of health securitization discourses in both conservative and progressive Southern European newspapers shows that narratives of people on the move as both ‘a risk’ and ‘at risk’ are not solely coexisting but mutually reinforcing, framing migrants as carriers of diseases precisely because of their vulnerability. Our visual analysis also highlights that, once portrayed by media, the systematic use of biohazard clothing in European Union (EU) border enforcement missions becomes itself discourse, securitizing irregular migration no less than written texts.