Enforcement spillovers under different networks: The case of quotas for persons with disabilities in Brazil
研究巴西残疾人配额执法对正规企业的溢出效应，发现通过邻居、所有权和人力资源专家网络，间接影响可达直接罚款的3.4倍，对政策制定者优化执法策略有参考价值。
This study examines labor law enforcement spillovers in Brazil, focusing on disability quota enforcement for formal firms. New inspection procedures increased compliance through heightened inspections and fines, boosting disability hiring. The largest increase is observed among individuals with mobility impairments, followed by those with visual and cognitive impairments. Most new hires came from outside the formal labor market, while some were poached from other firms. Additionally, job tenure for persons with disabilities in large firms improved. We investigate spillover effects across various firm networks: neighborhood, ownership, and human resources specialists. Results show that spillovers can have up to 3.4 times the impact on disability employment compared to direct fines. These findings highlight the potential for targeted enforcement strategies to amplify policy effectiveness beyond directly affected firms, even in developing economies characterized by low compliance with employment laws. • Enforcement of disability quotas raised hiring of persons with disabilities in Brazil. • Largest gains seen for individuals with mobility, visual, and cognitive impairments. • Enforcement spillovers raised disability hiring beyond directly fined firms. • Spillovers flowed through neighborhood, ownership, and HR specialist networks. • Indirect effects were up to 3.4 times stronger than direct enforcement impacts.