“Status” concerns and self-employment transitions
研究个体对他人收入或职业声望的相对担忧是否促使其从受雇或非就业转向自雇，发现他人收入或声望上升10%会使自雇转型概率提高7-10%。
Abstract This paper investigates whether individuals’ relative (status or positional) concerns are associated with their transitions from paid employment or inactivity to self-employment. The conjecture is that stress and anxiety arising from socio-economic comparisons may be motivating factors for individuals to establish their own businesses. We examine this using the Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) dataset, a long panel spanning three decades. Employing fixed-effects panel model specifications, we find that an increase in the income and job prestige of comparable others is associated with a higher probability of transitioning from paid employment or inactivity to self-employment. On average, a 10% rise in the income or job prestige of comparable others corresponds to a 7–10% higher likelihood of transitioning to self-employment. These findings are robust across various checks, including estimators, income definitions, and reference groups. The paper also explores catalysing factors such as risk-taking, skills, and autonomy, which moderate the relationship between relative concerns and the transition to self-employment.