When Do Nudges Increase Welfare?
用公共财政充分统计量方法，研究在税收和内生价格市场中，简化信息、警告标签等“助推”对福利的影响，发现其效果不仅取决于平均效应，还取决于选择扭曲的方差变化。
We use public finance sufficient statistic approaches to characterize the welfare effects of “nudges,” such as simplified information and warning labels, in markets with taxes and endogenous prices. While many studies focus on average effects, we show that welfare also depends on how the nudge affects the variance of choice distortions, and average effects become irrelevant with zero pass-through or optimal taxes. We implement the framework with experiments evaluating automotive fuel economy labels and sugary drink health labels. Labels decrease purchases of low-fuel economy cars and sugary drinks but may decrease welfare because they increase the variance of choice distortions.