Philanthropic Foundations and the Exercise of Power: An Integrative Literature Review of the Many Faces of Power
这篇综述梳理了219篇关于慈善基金会与权力的学术文章，按强制、操纵、支配和主体化四种权力类型分类，并分析了权力在组织内、通过组织、对组织和超越组织的运作方式，适合研究基金会权力影响及治理的学者参考。
Since their legal establishment, philanthropic foundations have raised concerns due to the power they exert through their distribution of resources, oftentimes in vast amounts. Many academic fields have researched these power relationships, but as of yet, no review of this research has been completed to identify how foundations exert or are controlled by power. This article fills that void through an integrative literature review (ILR) of 219 peer-reviewed academic articles on power and philanthropic foundations. Using Fleming & Spicer’s framework of the “faces of power,” we categorize this research into the types of power discussed: coercion, manipulation, domination, and subjectification. We also look at the sites of that power—within the organization, through, over, and against it. After providing examples of each type of power, future research avenues are presented, including identifying how foundations operate in interorganizational networks, “power-with” situations, and how foundations situate themselves socially and politically.