Does National Innovation Layout Spur Eco‐Innovation? The Upper Echelon's Role
研究了国家创新系统对全球制造业企业生态创新的影响，发现整体呈负相关，但大学-产业合作有正向作用，且环境管理团队和非执行董事是关键调节因素。
ABSTRACT Numerous studies have examined whether financial and governance characteristics within firms promote eco‐innovation. However, the influence of institutional contexts on eco‐innovation, which is crucial for shaping effective policy and establishing key conditions, has not been adequately explored. Drawing on institutional, stakeholder, and upper‐echelon theories, our study investigates the mechanisms through which a national innovation system (NIS) influences firms' commitment to eco‐innovation. We specifically focus on the manufacturing sector worldwide, over the period from 2007 to 2018. Our findings reveal that the NIS is negatively associated with eco‐innovation, contrary to expectations. This prompted us to delve deeper into three key components of the NIS. The analysis showed that although the quality of research institutions and government procurement of high‐tech products negatively correlate with eco‐innovation, university–industry collaboration positively affects it. Further exploration identified that environmental management teams and nonexecutive directors are critical moderators through which the NIS can enhance a firm's capacity for eco‐innovation. Our evidence suggests several practical implications for theory, management practices, and policy formulation.