Correlated Pollutants, Avoidance, and Local Environmental Policy
研究了美国西海岸针对船舶硫排放的燃料标准如何影响温室气体和其他污染物的损害，发现船舶通过规避行为改变了排放分布，增加了温室气体损害但减少了本地污染损害。
We study the impact of local fuel standards targeting sulfur-related air pollution from maritime transport off the U.S. west coast on damages from greenhouse gases (GHGs) and other local air pollutants. By avoiding the regulated area, ocean-going vessels increase fuel use and emissions, shift fuel consumption away from population centers, and forgo emission-lowering speed reductions within the regulated area. These adjustments increase damages from GHGs but reduce damages from local pollution, leading to a shift in the distribution of the environmental burden of shipping. Behavioral adjustments, and correlated pollutant responses, depend on policy design and shipping patterns.