Sufficient and Necessary Enablers of Digitalization in Public Institutions
研究分析了罗马尼亚公共机构数字化的内外部因素，通过377份问卷数据，识别出IT专家条件、政府云等外部因素及机构IT设计、技术创新等内部因素是数字化的关键条件，为公共部门数字化提供实践指南。
This study aims to evaluate various categories of internal and external factors contributing to the digitalization of public Romanian institutions, highlighting the minimum necessary levels that condition the digitalization process. A total of 377 responses obtained from public employees through an electronic questionnaire were analyzed. In the first step of the mixed-methods research design, the proposed relationships were examined using structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM), while additional insights into the necessary and sufficient internal and external digitalization conditions were obtained using importance-performance analysis (IPMA) and necessary condition analysis (NCA). The results indicate that certain external factors, such as the conditions needed for IT specialists or government clouds, and certain internal factors, such as institutions designing an appropriate IT component or assimilating innovative technologies, contribute more prominently to the digitalization processes. Post-analysis feedback from practitioners validated the quantitative results and provided additional practical relevance. Thus, from a practical perspective, the research suggests the need to develop appropriate legislative frameworks and organizational structures that encourage the digitalization of public administration. The study also offers a guide to the public sector, which will amplify the use of digital tools (DTs) and technologies and further drive digitization within these institutions. From a theoretical perspective, the research fills an underexplored gap regarding public sector digitalization and complements existing international literature.