Economic Markets and Pharmaceutical Innovation
探讨制药创新如何受公共政策与私人市场激励的共同影响，分析了融资、商业化、保险覆盖和竞争等市场特征，对政策制定者和产业研究者有参考价值。
Pharmaceutical innovations reach the market after a long and risky process that requires large, fixed, and sunk investments. Governments provide incentives for firms to make these investments through various forms of intellectual property protection that attempt to provide a return on capital for investors. As a result, pharmaceutical innovation results from an explicit intersection of public policy and private market incentives. Developing optimal policy therefore requires understanding market features such as how innovation is financed, how firms commercialize pharmaceutical products, the influence of insurance coverage on consumption and spending, and how competition emerges after intellectual property protection ends.