The equity and efficiency trade-off of carbon tax revenue recycling: A re-examination
利用可计算一般均衡模型，以法国为例研究碳税收入循环方案对宏观经济和分配的影响，发现公平与效率的权衡取决于宏观经济背景和不平等类型，没有普遍最优方案。
This paper examines the macroeconomic and distributive impacts of carbon pricing reforms. We analyse hybrid schemes to recycle carbon tax revenues. Using a computable general equilibrium model, we provide new insights on the efficiency vs. equity trade-offs of carbon pricing policies in the context of an open economy with the case study of France. We show that the terms of the equity-efficiency dilemma and the hierarchy of revenue recycling options crucially depend on the macroeconomic context and on the type of inequalities considered. We show that it is paramount to identify the most vulnerable households and to define the criteria used to award lump-sum transfers accordingly. We conclude that no revenue recycling option is universally superior to another, and more case studies should be carried out to account for specific macroeconomic and national contexts.