The grand challenge of public administration digitalization: The digital identity policy in Italy
研究了意大利数字身份政策中电子身份证与公共数字身份系统两种方案的竞争，揭示了公共与私人行为者之间的治理冲突及其对数字主权的影响，对公共管理数字化决策者有参考价值。
Digitalization is a transformative megatrend that is reshaping public policies by introducing complex challenges characterized by wicked problems, diverse stakeholders, and conflicting interests. Among these, the digital transformation of public administration stands out for its significant implications for governance and citizen interaction. This paper examines digital identity policy in Italy, a key area for public sector data control, by analyzing two competing initiatives: the electronic identity card and the public digital identity system. Framed within the New Public Governance and Digital Era Governance approaches, the study follows Bruno Dente's methodological framework for decision-making analysis. The research draws on official documents, press articles, and interviews with key stakeholders, using NVivo for qualitative content analysis and SocNetV for policy network visualization. The findings reveal two distinct governance models that not only shape national policies but also influence EU-level dynamics. In particular, the study highlights governance conflicts between public and private actors and their strategic role in advancing digital sovereignty. Points for practitioners The findings could raise the awareness of public decision-makers actively involved in public administration digitalization, offering a documented perspective on the possible strategies that can be pursued in the transformation of the public sector. Furthermore, the focus is placed on digital identity, emphasizing its relevance in the collection and control of data in public administration. Finally, the conclusions help practitioners to consider the policy implications of digital identity control from the perspectives of data management, cybersecurity and concentration of power.