Hold to continue – safety aspects of cooperative human machine systems in urban traffic
通过驾驶模拟器实验，研究了两种不同用户参与程度的协作策略（低参与：按住按钮继续驾驶；高参与：临时接管方向盘和踏板）在五种模糊场景下的安全性和用户感知，发现低参与策略更安全、更受用户偏好。
The complexity of urban traffic will present highly automated vehicles with major challenges. Ambiguous situations with unclear behavior from other road users can push the vehicle to its system limits. Temporarily involving the vehicle user in the driving task may help to cooperatively overcome system limits, but must not lead to increased risk. In a driving simulator study, we investigated two cooperation strategies, differing in terms of the user involvement. In the one strategy with low involvement the users were holding a button to continue driving, whereas in the strategy with high involvement, the user temporarily performs the entire driving task with steering wheel and pedals. Participants experienced these cooperation strategies in five ambiguous scenarios and rated them regarding safety aspects and dimensions of user perception. The strategy with high involvement is associated with more critical encounters including crashes. The strategy with low involvement is among others associated with higher ratings in perceived safety, perceived control and comfort, lower ratings on mental demand and is generally preferred by the participants. The study provides insight into safety and control aspects of cooperative systems and raises questions about the extent of user involvement.