Putting a value on hosting a mega sporting event: symbolic value, economic and intangible effects
本文批判性回顾了评估大型体育赛事经济与无形净收益的研究，并通过示例展示如何用综合成本效益分析克服以往的方法问题，对政策制定者和研究者有参考价值。
Abstract Mega sporting events are rich in symbolism that has made them attractive to cities and nations as a vehicle for signalling to a global audience a host’s openness to trade, tourism and investment, and as a catalyst for potentially transformational infrastructure programs and urban renewal. However, they have given rise to a symbolic economy with adverse features making hosting extremely costly, leading to increased political resistance in potential host regions. Proponents of hosting mega sporting events claim they will generate an economic boom, but much of the literature finds otherwise. This article critically reviews past studies which value either economic or intangible net benefits of mega sporting events, before developing an illustrative example to elicit how past methodological problems and misapplications can be overcome through a comprehensive cost-benefit analysis that accounts for all economic and intangible net benefits, properly treating all legacies arising from an event’s symbolic capital.