Unlocking New Methods to Estimate Country‐Specific Effects and Trade Elasticities With the Structural Gravity Model
提出新方法在结构引力框架下识别国家特征对双边贸易的影响，通过两阶段估计量化研发支出对贸易的作用，并无需价格或关税数据即可估算贸易弹性。
ABSTRACT We propose new methods to identify the impact of country‐specific characteristics, policies, and trade costs on bilateral trade flows within the structural gravity framework. We complement theory with a simple two‐stage estimating procedure and offer proof of concept by quantifying the impact of country‐specific research and development (R&D) expenditure on trade. Our results suggest a positive relationship overall but a larger impact of R&D on international (versus domestic) trade. Importantly, our methods deliver trade elasticity estimates without the need for price or tariff data, and we highlight this feature by obtaining aggregate and sectoral trade elasticity estimates, including for services.