Deep freezing the labour market through job retention schemes during the pandemic: Exploring contemporary Scandinavian crisis corporatism
研究了丹麦、挪威和瑞典在疫情期间如何通过三方协调调整就业保留计划，发现丹麦和挪威的危机统合主义更强，而瑞典的合作较为疏远。
When changes are made to institutions in times of crisis, one can expect some sort of tripartite coordination, i.e. crisis corporatism. This is more probable in countries like the Scandinavian ones, with institutionalised relations between well-organised social partners. From an analytical framework of crisis corporatism, this article studies the role of the social partners in developing or changing job retention schemes during, and in the aftermath of, the pandemic. Furthermore, adjustments in these schemes were analysed through theories of path dependence and institutional change. Data consist of official documents, statistics and qualitative interviews. While changes in Denmark and Norway were a mixture of path-dependent adjustments and innovative measures, in Sweden there were only minor path-dependent adjustments. There were clear differences in social partner involvement, which partly followed the number of adjustments. While crisis corporatism was stronger in Denmark and Norway, the cooperation was more at arm’s length in Sweden.