Why some are less willing to share: Competitive domains and knowledge transfer in multi-unit organizations
研究多单元组织中员工因内部资源竞争而不愿分享知识的原因，发现不同竞争领域间的社会整合促进知识转移，而同一领域内的社会整合反而阻碍知识转移。
In multi-unit organizations, such as multinational corporations (MNCs), knowledge developed in one business unit can greatly benefit the performance of another. However, employees and managers compete with others within intraorganizational competitive domains for resources, which may affect the willingness to share knowledge. We conceptualize the multi-unit organization as having multiple competitive domains depending on the main source for resource endowments for the knowledge-sharing actors. Our study draws on data from two surveys done in a global division of an MNC, comprising data from 342 individuals nested in 68 different units, across 24 countries. Our results show that social integration among individuals in different competitive domains boosts knowledge transfer between units, while social integration between individuals within the same competitive domain hampers knowledge transfer. These findings suggest that there is a different and darker side to social integration in multi-unit organizations than the previously established positive side leading to increased knowledge transfer. Our findings show that the willingness to share knowledge also depends on the internal competition for resources between the knowledge-sharing actors.