Money and the constitution of value: a contribution to the Chartalist critique of Menger’s theories of value and money
从唯物主义角度评估门格尔的价值与货币理论及图表主义批判，指出非货币经济中商品不具可比价值，图表主义忽视非工资劳动社会中货币交换的不稳定性，强调区分前资本主义与资本主义货币形式。
Abstract The paper assesses Carl Menger’s theories of value and money and the Chartalist critique of the latter from a materialist standpoint. Menger posits that agents have always compared goods and services as one-dimensional values. Yet, the notion of value on which he relies cannot be properly developed in the absence of money. Drawing on historical, anthropological and etymological research, the paper shows that, in non-monetised economies, agents typically do not view diverse goods as quantitatively comparable values. While acknowledging the merits of the Chartalist account, which attributes the origins of monetary exchange to non-economic fiscal authority, the article contends that it overlooks how dynamically unstable monetary exchange tends to be in societies where wage labour has not become the norm. By stressing the need to distinguish pre-capitalist from capitalist forms of money, the paper contributes to a nuanced understanding of money’s historical and societal foundations.