Back to the future: the history of the British welfare state 1834–2024
回顾英国福利国家从1834年《新济贫法》至今的历史，聚焦1830年代、1900年代和1940年代三个加速发展期，以及边沁、贝弗里奇等关键人物，揭示贝弗里奇与贝文计划之间的矛盾如何导致当今福利体系的困境。
Abstract The history of the British welfare state was once written as a story of progress from small and unsympathetic beginnings in the early nineteenth century. This paper argues that versions of the demographic, medical, and welfare issues of that period still affect us in comparable ways, two centuries after the infamous New Poor Law of 1834. The history of the British welfare state is captured here by examining three periods of its accelerated development in the 1830s, 1900s, and 1940s, and in the work of key thinkers and policy-makers associated with each of these phases: Jeremy Bentham and Edwin Chadwick in the first; David Lloyd George and Charles Booth in the second; and William Beveridge and Aneurin Bevan in the third. The contradictions between the respective plans of Beveridge and Bevan that have shaped the modern welfare state lie at the heart of the welfare system’s problems today.