A Transaction Fee Mechanism for Resource Allocation in Blockchain-Based IoT Systems
针对区块链物联网节点资源有限的问题，提出一种交易费用机制，通过向数据消费者收费来平衡挖矿与数据采集的资源分配，最大化社会福利并保障区块链安全。
The progressions in blockchain technologies have propelled the advancement of the Internet of Things (IoT), particularly the Industrial IoT (IIoT) system, toward a decentralized structure. This shift is driven by the need to address the privacy and security vulnerabilities inherent in centralized organizations. In a blockchain-based IoT system, the IoT nodes are tasked with both mining and data collection activities concurrently. However, due to the limited resources of these nodes, a rational resource allocation mechanism is imperative to maximize social welfare. Insufficient allocation of resources to mining can significantly reduce the overall Hashrate of the blockchain, thereby jeopardizing its security. Conversely, prioritizing resource allocation to mining can diminish the value of collected data, resulting in a decrease in overall social welfare. To tackle these challenges, this article proposes a transaction fee mechanism that levies charges on data consumers based on the resources utilized by the nodes for data collection. The objective is to achieve a balanced allocation of resources between mining and data collection while ensuring the security of the blockchain. Specifically, we model the interactions among the system designer, data consumer, and IoT nodes as a three-stage Stackelberg game. By characterizing the equilibrium of the game, we derive optimal strategies that lead to the maximization of social welfare. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is validated through extensive experimental results.