Retractions: Updating from Complex Information
通过修改经典实验设计，研究撤回信息对信念更新的影响。发现撤回后信念更新减弱，表现为反应时间更长、准确性更低、变异性更高，且结果在不同人群和设计下稳健。
Abstract We modify a canonical experimental design to identify the effectiveness of retractions. Comparing beliefs after retractions to beliefs (1) without the retracted information and (2) after equivalent new information, we find that retractions result in diminished belief updating in both cases. We propose this reflects updating from retractions being more complex, and our analysis supports this: we find longer response times, lower accuracy, and higher variability. The results—robust across diverse participant groups and design variations—enhance our understanding of belief updating and offer insights into addressing misinformation.