Co-operative work and developmental freedom: A study of four British worker co-operatives
研究英国四家工人合作社，发现集体民主管理和工作时间自主权能提升工作控制感，且不损害财务可行性，但也存在低工资和长工时问题。
This article presents an empirical study of four worker co-operatives in the UK to assess their potential in delivering freedom in working life. It discusses developmental freedom in terms of control in static, dynamic and constant timeframes, considers the compatibility of co-operative institutions in capitalism and presents findings from previous studies. This article draws on these cases to argue that even under capitalism, the co-operative structure can provide sources of control over working life for individuals through collective, democratic management and effective autonomy over working time. It is suggested that worker control in co-operatives does not come at the cost of financial viability. Weaknesses of the model, especially low pay and long hours, are also raised. In conclusion, co-operatives are suggested to be an effective vehicle for developmental freedom but must do so alongside other institutions supportive of control over working life.