Vog: Using Volcanic Eruptions to Estimate the Impact of Air Pollution on Student Test Scores
利用夏威夷公立学校学生考试成绩数据，结合火山喷发带来的空气污染变化，发现颗粒物污染增加会降低考试成绩，且对长期高污染学校和贫困学生影响更大。
ABSTRACT We pair variation stemming from volcanic eruptions with the census of Hawaii's public schools' student test scores to estimate the impact of and on student performance. Increased particulate pollution decreases test scores. These results are concentrated among schools with the highest long‐term average levels of pollution. The effects of are larger for the poorest pupils by a factor of at least three. We demonstrate that poor air quality disproportionately impacts the human capital accumulation of economically disadvantaged children.