Chronic turmoil resilience, confrontation resilience, and their dark side: women entrepreneurs in Lebanon
基于对黎巴嫩女性企业家的深度访谈，识别出两种韧性类型：应对国家长期危机的长期动荡韧性和对抗父权社会压力的对抗韧性，并揭示长期双重韧性对身心健康、家庭关系和内心和谐的负面影响。
This study examines the multifaceted dark side and the negative effects of resilience in chronic crises contexts. Based on in-depth interviews with Lebanese women entrepreneurs, we identified two contrasting types of resilience: chronic turmoil resilience which unfolds as an adaptive response to ongoing and constantly deteriorating national chronic crises contexts, and confrontation resilience which involves wrestling with the social outcry against women entrepreneurs, fuelled by patriarchy and gendered expectations. Furthermore, and in contrast to the flattering yet unrealistic portrayals of resilience as invariably positive, heroic, and inherently masculine behaviour, this study establishes that exercising prolonged, dual resilience can undermine entrepreneurs’ physical, psychological, and spiritual wellbeing, result in broken familial relationships, and create internal discord. Hence, this study contributes to research on women entrepreneurs’ resilience and its dark side by demonstrating how it unfolds as a complex, gendered experience that is contextually embedded and enacted at the intersection of chronic national crises, patriarchal cultural values, and gendered expectations.