Some statistical aspects of the Covid-19 response
本文讨论了英国新冠应对中统计方法不当的案例，指出对新冠风险和应对措施风险的呈现存在反向偏差，并分析了封锁措施的必要性证据。
Abstract This paper discusses some statistical aspects of the UK Covid-19 pandemic response, focussing particularly on cases where we believe that a statistically questionable approach or presentation has had a substantial impact on public perception, or government policy, or both. We discuss the presentation of statistics relating to Covid risk, and the risk of the response measures, arguing that biases tended to operate in opposite directions, overplaying Covid risk and underplaying the response risks. We also discuss some issues around the presentation of life loss data, excess deaths, and the use of case data. The consequences of neglect of most individual variability from epidemic models, alongside the consequences of some other statistically important omissions, are also covered. Finally, the evidence that full stay-at-home lockdowns were necessary to reverse waves of infection is examined, with new analyses provided for several European countries.