Knowledge, power, and participation in the post-normal age
本文梳理了后常态科学（PNS）的概念演变，将其作为应对复杂性和冲突下高风险决策的框架，强调扩展同行社区、价值多样性和包容性方法，以促进更负责任和回应社会的知识治理。
Post-Normal Science (PNS) emerged as a critical response to the limitations of traditional scientific approaches under conditions of complexity and conflict. Drawing on the intellectual history of risk assessment, statistical governance, and ecological economics, this article reconstructs the conceptual evolution of PNS as a framework for navigating high-stakes decisions under uncertainty. We argue that PNS offers not only a critique of technocratic rationality but also a model for pluralistic and participatory science. By emphasizing the role of extended peer communities, value diversity, and inclusive approaches to quality, PNS reimagines the role of science in fostering more accountable and socially responsive forms of knowledge and governance.