Risk Management and Macroeconomic Disruptions in Supply Chains: The Role of Blockchain, Digital Twins, Generative AI, and Quantum Computing
本文构建了一个基于多层信息系统架构的概念框架，分析区块链、数字孪生、生成式AI和量子计算如何应对宏观经济冲击带来的供应链风险，并探讨其能源消耗、网络安全等权衡，为学者和管理者提供研究方向。
The global economy faces increasing vulnerabilities from macroeconomic disruptions, such as regulatory changes, trade tensions, geopolitical conflicts, currency volatility, pandemics, and energy crises, that undermine the resilience of operations and supply chain management (OSCM) systems. These disruptions exacerbate risks, including supply chain breakdowns, operational inefficiencies, and systemic weaknesses, with energy challenges emerging as a key concern due to their effects on production costs, inflation, and sustainability goals. Advanced technologies, such as blockchain, digital twins, generative artificial intelligence (AI), and quantum computing, offer transformative potential to enhance transparency, predictive accuracy, and decision-making agility. However, their adoption introduces inherent trade-offs, as they can lead to energy-intensive operations, cybersecurity risks, and economic burdens. To make sense of these dynamics, this paper develops a conceptual framework based on a multi-layered information system architecture that links specific disruptions to corresponding digital responses. This framework is grounded in a thorough review of both conceptual and empirical literature, along with extensive discussions among the authors. It explores how these technologies can address the risks stemming from macroeconomic disruptions while also considering their broader economic implications and challenges. It argues that simplistic solutions fail to account for the duality of these technologies' impacts and highlights the need for a systemic approach to integrate these technologies within OSCM. The paper concludes by proposing actionable research directions for OSCM scholars and managers to navigate these complexities.