“Bad outputs as inputs”, reverse outputs and extended strong disposability
研究了非参数生产分析中将坏产出作为投入的建模方法，发现其与其他六种方法等价，并指出在扩展强可处置性假设下该方法有效，可通过传统投入导向DEA模型实现。
Abstract In this paper we examine the relation between the “bad outputs as inputs” with other approaches of modeling undesirable outputs in non-parametric production analysis and we end up with six equivalencies among them. Based on these, we argue that the “bad outputs as inputs” is a valid modeling option as long as the assumption of extended strong disposability and thus of reverse outputs is reasonable in a particular setting. In this case, the “bad outputs as inputs” approach can easily be implemented by means of a conventional input-oriented DEA model with variable returns to scale where the translated additive inverse transformation is applied to undesirable output quantities.